What the dates mean
These are the deadlines that decide whether a missing-TIN penalty can be waived. If the TIN is still missing on each date and you did not solicit by then, the "responsible manner" test in the regulation fails for that payee and the penalty stands. If you did, the payee's failure to respond is an event beyond your control and the penalty is waivable. A solicitation is any documented request for the TIN: a W-9 by mail or email, a portal request, or a logged phone call.
Backup withholding is separate from these dates and applies from the first reportable payment while the TIN is missing. See the solicitation guide and the email templates.