Who must file Form 1099-A
File Form 1099-A for each borrower if you lend money in connection with your trade or business and, in full or partial satisfaction of the debt, you acquire an interest in property that is security for the debt, or you know or have reason to know the property has been abandoned. Governmental units that lend against property file too, as do subsequent holders of a loan for events after the transfer. When several lenders hold liens and one forecloses, the others must each file for their own loans.
File in the year after the calendar year of the acquisition or the year you first had reason to know of the abandonment. If you expect to foreclose within three months of learning of an abandonment, wait for the sale; otherwise the requirement arises at the end of the three months.
Coordination with Form 1099-C. If you also cancel $600 or more of the same debtor's debt in the same year in connection with the foreclosure or abandonment, you may file only a 1099-C and complete its boxes 4, 5 and 7 instead of a 1099-A.
Threshold: All amounts, every acquisition or abandonment of property securing a loan made in the course of a trade or business; the lender need not be in the business of lending.
What is reported, box by box
| Box | What it reports | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date of lender's acquisition or knowledge of abandonment | The earlier of title transfer or transfer of the burdens and benefits of ownership; the later of sale date or expiry of the redemption period for a foreclosure sale. |
| 2 | Balance of principal outstanding | Unpaid principal only; no accrued interest or foreclosure costs. |
| 3 | Reserved | |
| 4 | Fair market value of property | For a foreclosure or similar sale, the sale proceeds absent clear evidence otherwise; the appraised value for an abandonment or deed in lieu when box 5 is checked. |
| 5 | Borrower was personally liable | Checkbox. |
| 6 | Description of property | Address, or type and location for personal property. |
Box titles follow the current revision of the form. The IRS reads the payer and recipient name, TIN, address, account number and the money boxes; the state boxes are for the state copy only.
Payments that are not reported on Form 1099-A
- Tangible personal property, such as a car, securing a loan to an individual and held for personal use; reporting is still required when the property is held for investment or used in a business.
- Property outside the United States when the borrower has certified under penalties of perjury that it is an exempt foreign person.
- An acquisition or abandonment already reported on a 1099-C with boxes 4, 5 and 7 completed.
Due dates and extensions
| Copy | Due | For 2026 returns |
|---|---|---|
| To the IRS, paper | February 28 | Monday, March 1, 2027 (February 28 is a Sunday) |
| To the IRS, electronic | March 31 | Wednesday, March 31, 2027 |
| To the recipient | January 31 | Monday, February 1, 2027 (January 31 is a Sunday) |
An automatic 30-day extension is available on Form 8809, filed by the due date on paper or through IRIS; a second 30 days requires a hardship showing. Recipient statements can be extended 30 days on Form 15397, online or by fax only. 10 or more information returns of any type in aggregate must be e-filed (T.D. 9972); IRIS is the only IRS intake system from filing season 2027, FIRE having been retired. A payer who e-files the originals must e-file the corrections.
For 2026 forms filed in 2027: January 31 falls on a Sunday, so that deadline moves to Monday, February 1, 2027; February 28 also falls on a Sunday, so the paper deadline moves to Monday, March 1, 2027. March 31 (electronic) and March 15 are weekdays. February 28 does not become February 29 in a leap year. The compliance calendar has every date with the weekend shifts applied.
Withholding and TIN matching
Section 6050J acquisitions and abandonments are not payments, so backup withholding cannot apply and the IRS TIN Matching program does not cover them. The borrower's TIN comes from the loan file, which is exactly the problem: it was collected at origination, sometimes decades earlier, and an incorrect TIN on a 1099-A carries the same IRC 6721 penalty as any other return. Two or more borrowers each get their own return under their own SSN.
Name and TIN errors on this form
Every information return is matched by the IRS on the first four characters of the payee's name (the name control) against the TIN. A mismatch produces a CP2100 line the following autumn and, unless the solicitation record is in order, a 972CG penalty the year after: $340 per return for 2026 forms filed in 2027 that are late or wrong, $690 for intentional disregard, with annual maximums of $4,191,500 ($1,397,000 for small filers) under Rev. Proc. 2025-32. The errors that recur on Form 1099-A:
- Co-borrowers and guarantors. A 1099-A to each borrower who is personally liable, each under their own name and SSN; not to a guarantor.
- Entity borrowers under an individual's SSN. A loan to an LLC documented under the member's SSN reports under the member's name.
- Old loan files. The name at origination may predate a marriage, divorce or incorporation. A name/TIN check of the delinquent portfolio before year-end finds the mismatches before the return does.
The name control calculator shows what the IRS will derive from a name line, and the CP2100 guide covers what to do when the notice arrives.
Recipient statements and substitutes
The recipient statement for Form 1099-A need not be a copy of the official form: a substitute may be combined with other account statements or reports, provided every required item is numbered and titled as on the official form, the tax year, form number and form name appear together, the recipient instructions are included, and, for the forms Pub 1099 lists, a telephone number with direct access to someone who can answer questions is shown. Publication 1179 (Rev. Proc. 2026-18) has the specifications; logos, slogans and advertising are not permitted on the statement itself. Statements may be furnished electronically only to a recipient who has affirmatively consented in a way that shows they can access the format, after the disclosures in Pub 1099 part M, and must stay posted through October 15. Copy B may show a truncated TIN (xxx-xx-1234); the IRS copy never may.
Corrections and state copies
A wrong amount, code or checkbox is a Type 1 correction: one corrected return with the CORRECTED box checked. A wrong or missing payee TIN, a wrong payee name, or the wrong form type is a Type 2 correction: a zeroed-out copy of the original plus a new original, in that order. Publication 1099 also says you are not required to file a correction for a missing or incorrect TIN if you meet the reasonable-cause standard, only to use the right TIN on the next return, although the IRS encourages the correction. Details and the paper error charts are on the 1099 corrections page.
Form 1099-A is not in the Combined Federal/State Filing program, so any state that requires it must receive it directly. Requirements by state are on the state pages.
Questions people ask about Form 1099-A
Do we file a 1099-A or a 1099-C for a foreclosure with a deficiency we wrote off?
If you cancel $600 or more of the debt in the same year, a single 1099-C with boxes 4, 5 and 7 completed satisfies both. If the cancellation comes in a later year, the 1099-A goes out for the foreclosure year and the 1099-C for the year of cancellation.
We repossessed a personal car.
Not reportable: tangible personal property held by an individual for personal use is excepted.
Is 1099-A in the Combined Federal/State program?
No.
Other federal forms
1042-S · 1097-BTC · 1098 · 1098-C · 1098-E · 1098-F · 1098-Q · 1098-T · 1098-VLI · 1099-B · 1099-C · 1099-CAP · 1099-DIV · 1099-G · 1099-INT · 1099-K · 1099-LS · 1099-LTC · 1099-MISC · 1099-NEC · 1099-OID · 1099-PATR · 1099-Q · 1099-QA · 1099-R · 1099-S · 1099-SA · 1099-SB · 3921 · 3922 · 5498 · 5498-ESA · 5498-SA · W-2G · 1099-DA · Comparison table
Sources: IRS Publication 1099 (2026), General Instructions for Certain Information Returns, which replaced the separate General Instructions starting with tax year 2026; Instructions for Forms 1099-A and 1099-C (Rev. April 2025); Pub 1099 (2026); IRC 6050J; Temporary Regulations 1.6050J-1T. Threshold amounts are indexed for inflation from calendar year 2027; check IRS.gov/InflationAdjustment for the current year.